Passage: Romans 1:1-7 (ESV)
“Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God, which he promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy Scriptures, concerning his Son, who was descended from David according to the flesh and was declared to be the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by his resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, through whom we have received grace and apostleship to bring about the obedience of faith for the sake of his name among all the nations, including you who are called to belong to Jesus Christ, To all those in Rome who are loved by God and called to be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.”
Exegesis and Old Testament Connections
- Paul’s Identity and Calling (Romans 1:1)
Paul introduces himself as a “servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle,” underscoring his authority and dedication to his mission. The term “servant” (Greek: doulos) is similar to the title used by Old Testament prophets like Moses, David, and the prophets (e.g., Moses in Psalm 105:26 and David in Psalm 89:20). - The Gospel Promised in the Scriptures (Romans 1:2)
Paul emphasizes that the gospel is “promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy Scriptures,” showing that the message of Jesus is the fulfillment of longstanding promises. The prophets frequently foretold a coming Messiah (e.g., Isaiah 9:6-7, Isaiah 53, Jeremiah 31:31-34). - Jesus’ Davidic Lineage (Romans 1:3)
Paul points out that Jesus is “descended from David according to the flesh.” This fulfills the promise made to David that his lineage would produce a king whose reign would last forever (2 Samuel 7:12-13). - Jesus’ Identity as the Son of God (Romans 1:4)
Paul asserts that Jesus was “declared to be the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by his resurrection from the dead.” This connects with Old Testament themes, where “Son of God” was a title used for Israel (Exodus 4:22), the king (Psalm 2:7), and the promised Messiah. - Grace and Apostleship to Bring About Faith (Romans 1:5)
Paul’s mission is to call people to the “obedience of faith,” which echoes the covenantal language of the Old Testament, where obedience to God was a mark of faithfulness. This mission is universal, encompassing “all nations,” fulfilling the Abrahamic promise that all nations would be blessed (Genesis 12:3). - The Calling and Love of Believers (Romans 1:6-7)
Paul addresses believers as “those who are called to belong to Jesus Christ… loved by God and called to be saints.” This language mirrors the Old Testament depiction of Israel as God’s chosen and beloved people (Deuteronomy 7:6-8).
Life Application
Paul’s introduction is more than a greeting; it sets the stage for understanding our identity and calling as believers. Here are some questions and reflections that can help us apply this passage to our lives:
- What does it mean to be “set apart” for God’s purposes?
Paul identifies himself as set apart for the gospel. This dedication isn’t unique to apostles; each believer is called to live a life dedicated to God. Reflect on how God has called you in your own context—what passions, talents, or opportunities has He given you to serve Him and share the gospel? - How does understanding Jesus’ fulfillment of Old Testament promises strengthen your faith?
Seeing Jesus as the fulfillment of the Old Testament can deepen our confidence in God’s plan. Reflect on how this continuity shows God’s faithfulness and helps us trust in His promises for our own lives. - What does “the obedience of faith” mean in your daily walk with Christ?
Obedience in faith is central to Paul’s message. Consider areas of your life where obedience might require faith—whether in trusting God’s guidance, sharing your faith, or making decisions that honor Him. - How do you see yourself as part of a community “called to belong to Jesus”?
Paul speaks to believers in Rome as part of a loving, chosen community. Reflect on how being part of God’s family shapes your relationships with other believers and your commitment to the Church.