Introduction
Paul now draws his teaching on Israel, Gentiles, and God’s sovereignty to a stunning conclusion. He unveils a mystery—one not previously understood—concerning Israel’s future salvation and the overflowing mercy of God toward all. What began as sorrow and questions in Romans 9 ends with praise and awe here in chapter 11.
Exposition and Key Themes
1. A Partial Hardening (Romans 11:25)
“Lest you be wise in your own sight, I do not want you to be unaware of this mystery, brothers: a partial hardening has come upon Israel, until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in.”
Paul reveals that Israel’s hardening is partial and temporary. It will last until God completes His work among the Gentiles. Then, He will turn again in mercy to the nation of Israel.
2. All Israel Will Be Saved (Romans 11:26–27)
“And in this way all Israel will be saved…”
This refers to a future turning of the Jewish people to Christ. Paul quotes Isaiah to affirm that God will one day remove their ungodliness and forgive their sins—just as He promised in His covenant.
3. Beloved for the Fathers’ Sake (Romans 11:28–29)
“As regards the gospel, they are enemies for your sake. But as regards election, they are beloved for the sake of their forefathers.”
Though Israel opposes the gospel now, God still loves them because of His promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. His gifts and calling are irrevocable—He will fulfill His plan.
4. Mercy on All (Romans 11:30–32)
“For God has consigned all to disobedience, that he may have mercy on all.”
Both Jews and Gentiles were disobedient. God used their rebellion to reveal His mercy. No one is saved by merit—only by God’s mercy and grace.
Doxology: A Song of Praise (Romans 11:33–36)
“Oh, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God!
How unsearchable are his judgments and how inscrutable his ways!‘For who has known the mind of the Lord,
or who has been his counselor?’‘Or who has given a gift to him
that he might be repaid?’For from him and through him and to him are all things.
To him be glory forever. Amen.”
Paul’s theology leads to worship. God’s wisdom and knowledge are deep beyond understanding. Everything begins with Him, flows through Him, and returns to Him in glory.
Life Application
- Do I trust God’s plan even when I don’t understand it?
God’s ways are higher than ours. Trust grows as we gaze on His greatness. - Do I long for Israel’s restoration?
God’s promises to them are not forgotten. We are called to pray for their salvation. - Am I amazed by mercy?
Disobedience set the stage for grace—for both Jews and Gentiles. - Does my theology lead to doxology?
Studying God’s ways should not puff us up, but bow us down in praise. - Do I live for His glory?
“From Him, through Him, and to Him are all things.” Let that define our lives.
Conclusion
Romans 11:25–36 reveals that God’s plan is perfect and His mercy is wide. The mystery once hidden is now revealed: God’s saving work is not random—it is deliberate, merciful, and glorious. In response, we don’t just study—we worship. We bow before the God whose wisdom is deeper than the oceans and whose mercy endures forever.
